Step by step example using mkdir command to make directories in Linux Fedora.

The Linux system usually contains several thousands Directories (folder). The directory usually contains files and other directories. All of these directories and files make an filesystem structures for the Linux operating system. Usually the Linux filesystem structure are base on Filesystems Hierarchy Standard (FHS). In Linux or other UNIX like operating system, the directories tree begin with the ' / ' root directory. The example below show the step by step on making directories or make folder in Linux fedora core using mkdir command.

Example on Linux directory tree on Linux Fedora Core:

[root@fedora /]# tree -L 1

/

|-- bin

|-- boot

|-- dev

|-- etc

|-- home

|-- lib

|-- lost+found

|-- media

|-- misc

|-- mnt

|-- net

|-- opt

|-- proc

|-- root

|-- sbin

|-- selinux

|-- srv

|-- sys

|-- tmp

|-- tree.txt

|-- usr

`-- var

21 directories, 1 file

Making directory in Linux system.

The Linux command that is usually issue to make an directory in Linux is mkdir command. This example show you on how to create directory called new-linux-directory in your current directory:

[root@fedora ~]# pwd

/root

[root@fedora ~]# mkdir new-linux-directory

[root@fedora ~]# ls -l

total 104

-rw------- 1 root root 1209 Apr 9 21:38 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 8 19:06 Desktop

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28948 Apr 9 21:26 install-fedora.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4152 Apr 9 19:56 install.log.syslog

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 16 18:46 new-linux-directory

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28948 Apr 9 21:26 X.txt

[root@fedora ~]#

Note: The 'ls -l' command above is use to verify the existents of the newly created directoy.

Make several directory.

The command example below show on how to make several directory in one go.

[root@fedora ~]# mkdir new-linux-directory linux-folder linux-directory-folder

[root@fedora ~]# ls -l

total 104

-rw------- 1 root root 1209 Apr 9 21:38 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 8 19:06 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 16 18:46 linux-directory-folder

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 16 18:46 linux-folder

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28948 Apr 9 21:26 install-fedora.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4152 Apr 9 19:56 install.log.syslog

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 16 18:46 new-linux-directory

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28948 Apr 9 21:26 X.txt

[root@fedora ~]#

There are 3 directory created after the execution of the command above, use the ' ls ' command to verify the creations of the directories.

Create directory tree.

To create a Linux directory tree with four subdirectories in current directory, using the mkdir command.

[root@fedora ~]# pwd

/root

[root@fedora ~]# mkdir -p make/directory/with/linux/mkdir/

[root@fedora ~]# tree make/

make/

`-- directory

`-- with

`-- linux

`-- mkdir

4 directories, 0 files

[root@fedora ~]# tree -p make/

make/

`-- [drwxr-xr-x] directory

`-- [drwxr-xr-x] with

`-- [drwxr-xr-x] linux

`-- [drwxr-xr-x] mkdir

[root@fedora ~]#

There are 1 directory created after the execution of the command above, but there is 4 other directories are created inside that directory, this directories usually known as an sub-directory, again use the ' ls ' command to verify the creations of the directory, and you can use the ' tree ' command to view the sub-directory.

Make directory and change directory permission on one go.

From the example above we can see that all directory permission created automatically. This directory permission are set according to your default umask setting.

For example, to create a directory, with the permission 777 to file:

read, write, execute (r,w,x) for user;

read, write and execute (r,w,x) for group user;

and read, write and execute (r,w,x) for other user on the system (world).

This permission basically allow everyone on the system to read, write and execute.

The mkdir command below is issue with the -m option to change the directory permission:

[root@fedora ~]# mkdir -m 777 linux-directory

[root@fedora ~]# ls -l

total 104

-rw------- 1 root root 1209 Apr 9 21:38 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 8 19:06 Desktop

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28948 Apr 9 21:26 install-fedora.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4152 Apr 9 19:56 install.log.syslog

drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Jun 16 19:20 linux-directory

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28948 Apr 9 21:26 X.txt

[root@fedora ~]#

Other options that can be use with mkdir command:

• -m, --mode, To set the access permission to the directory.

• -p, --parents, Make any missing parent directories as needed, no error if parent existing.

NAME:

mkdir - make directories

Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...

for more information on using mkdir command:

# info mkdir

# man mkdir

# mkdir --help

Related::

1. Create hidden directory.

2. http://www.pathname.com/fhs/

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fhs

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